Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness, pain, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. The condition occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint becomes inflamed and thickened, leading to the formation of scar tissue. Frozen shoulder typically develops gradually and can last for several months or even years.

Causes of Frozen Shoulder

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to its development:

1. Age and gender: Frozen shoulder is more common in individuals between the ages of 40 and 60 and is more prevalent in women than men.
2. Immobility: Prolonged periods of immobility, such as after surgery or an injury, can increase the risk of developing frozen shoulder.
3. Medical conditions: Individuals with diabetes, thyroid disorders, or cardiovascular diseases have a higher risk of experiencing frozen shoulder.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder typically progresses through three stages, each with its own set of symptoms:

1. Freezing stage: Gradual onset of shoulder pain and stiffness, worsening over time.
2. Frozen stage: Pain may decrease, but stiffness and limited range of motion persist.
3. Thawing stage: Shoulder movement slowly improves, and pain diminishes.

Treatment for Frozen Shoulder

Treatment for frozen shoulder aims to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and restore shoulder mobility. Common treatment options include:

1. Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications can help manage pain and reduce inflammation.
2. Physical therapy: A physical therapist can guide you through exercises and stretches designed to improve shoulder mobility and strength.
3. Heat and ice: Applying heat and ice to the affected shoulder can help alleviate pain and promote healing.
4. Corticosteroid injections: In some cases, a healthcare professional may recommend corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain.
5. Surgery: If conservative treatments fail, surgery may be necessary to release the tightened joint capsule and remove scar tissue.